E
Data and Resources
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E-waste (electronic waste)
A generic term encompassing various forms of electrical and electronic...
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Early warning
The provision of timely and effective information, through identified...
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Early warning systems
Complex tools and processes aiming to reduce the impact of natural hazards by...
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Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE virus)
is spread by mosquitoes and is a rare cause of brain infections...
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Ebola virus disease (EVD)
A rare and deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates. The viruses that...
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eco-agri-food system
A collective term encompassing the vast and interacting complex of...
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eco-effectiveness
The central strategy is the cradle-to-cradle development method and seeks to...
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eco-efficiency
Minimizing environmental pressure while maximizing economic benefit, is a key...
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EcoHealth
An emerging field that examines the complex relationships among humans,...
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ecohydrology
The general idea of the concept is that by applying an understanding of the...
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ecolabelling scheme
The ecolabelling scheme uses an independent accreditation body (AB) to carry...
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ecological character
1) The structure and inter-relationships between the biological, chemical,...
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ecological condition
The degree of functionality or health of an ecosystem, measured by a broad...
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ecological debt
It is the level of resource consumption and waste discharge by a population...
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ecological footprint
A measure of how much area of biologically productive land and water an...
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ecological infrastructure
A concept referring to both the services provided by the natural ecosystems,...
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Ecological management class
Ecological condition of a river in terms of the deviation of biophysical...
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ecological network
A coherent system of natural and/or semi-natural landscape elements that is...
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ecological niche
The set of habitat resources (food, cover types, water etc.) used by a...
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ecological risk assessment
A logical and systematic process for objectively defining the probability of...
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ecological value
Non-monetary assessment of ecosystem integrity, health, or resilience, all of...
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ecological zone
A land area, generally smaller than a region but considerably larger than a...
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ecologically sustainable development
A dynamic concept that recognises the need to integrate short and long-term...
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econometrics
Expresses economic theories in mathematical terms in order to verify them by...
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Economic mitigation potential
The mitigation potential, which takes into account social costs and benefits...
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economology
A combination of the two words economy and ecology. The meaning of this term...
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Ecosystem
A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their...
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Ecosystem damage potential
It measures the human impact on ecosystems due to land use and land...
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Ecosystem degradation
A long-term reduction in an ecosystem’s structure, functionality, or capacity...
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ecosystem diversity
The variety of ecosystems that occurs within a larger landscape, ranging from...
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Ecosystem preservation
This term includes habitats and major natural systems, such as grasslands,...
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ecosystem restoration
Process of reversing the degradation of ecosystems to regain their ecological...
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Ecosystem-based approach
A strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources...
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Ecosystem-based management of fisheries
- The term has been defined as "an approach that takes major ecosystem...
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ecotone
Transition area between adjacent ecological communities (e.g., between...
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ecotope
The smallest landscape unit in the ecological holarchy.
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ecotoxicology
The study of the environmental fate of pollutants and their potentially...
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ecotype
A crop cultivar adapted to a particular condition or range of conditions in...
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Effluent discharge
Usually the rate of water flow. A volume of fluid passing a point per unit...
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elementary flow
Material or energy entering the system being studied that has been drawn from...
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Elephant population control
The managed alteration of a game populations numbers or compositions, when at...
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Emerging contaminant
Broadly defined as any synthetic or naturally occurring chemical or any...
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Emerging infectious disease
Infections that have recently appeared within a population or those whose...
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eminent domain
An action of the state to seize a citizen's private property, expropriate...
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Emission charge
A fee or tax to be paid on discharges into the environment, based on the...
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emission intensity
It is the level of GHG emissions per unit of economic activity, usually...
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Emission Leakage
1) A shift in CO² emissions away from countries taking stringent GHG...
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emissions from agriculture
They are expressed in carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent and consist of methane...
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emissions from burning biomass
They consist of gases produced from the burning of biomass for the following...
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emissions from burning crop residues
They consist of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases produced by the...
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emissions from burning of savanna
They consist of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases produced from the...
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emissions from crop residues
They consist of direct and indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from...
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emissions from cropland organic soils
Are those associated with carbon losses from drained organic soils of croplands.
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emissions from cultivation of organic soils
They are those associated with nitrous oxide gas from cultivated organic...
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emissions from enteric fermentation
They consist of methane gas (CH4) produced in digestive systems of livestock...
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emissions from grassland organic soils
Are those associated with carbon losses from drained organic soils of...
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emissions from manure applied to soils
They consist of direct and indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from manure...
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emissions from manure left on pastures
They consist of direct and indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from manure...
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emissions from manure management
They consist of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide gases from aerobic and...
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emissions from net forest conversion
They are CO2 emissions resulting from deforestation, or the conversion of...
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emissions from rice cultivation
They consist of methane gas (CH4) emitted by anaerobic decomposition of...
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emissions from synthetic fertilizers
They consist of direct and indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from...
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empowerment of women
According to the UN, it has five components: 1) women’s sense of self-worth;...
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Endangered species
A species is endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it...
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Endemic disease
The constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious...
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Endemic zoonoses
Found throughout the developing world, wherever people live in close...
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endorheic lake
A lake with no outflow to the sea or ocean.
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Energy intensity
Ratio of energy consumption to economic or physical output. At the national...
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Energy return on investment
The amount of energy that has to be expended in order to produce a certain...
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Energy-smart food system
Based on three pillars (i) improving energy efficiency in agrifood systems,...
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Engendering
Integrating gender equality issues into an area of work, a programme, a...
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Entrainment
The process of particle lifting by the agent of wind erosion.
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Environment
Environment means surroundings, including water, air, soil and their...
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Environment statistics
Statistics that describe the state of and trends in the environment, covering...
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Environmental action plan
Part of a formal project environmental assessment, this plan outlines...
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Environmental assessment
The entire process of undertaking an objective evaluation and analysis of...
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Environmental conservation
Action aimed at preventing environmental degradation; implies rational use...
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Environmental damage
A result of oil retraction and production can also directly effect human life...
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Environmental degradation
Environmental degradation is the deterioration in environmental quality from...
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Environmental education
The process of recognizing values and clarifying concepts in order to develop...
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Environmental flows
Quantity, timing and quality of water flows required to sustain freshwater...
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Environmental footprint
the effect that a person, company, activity, etc. has on the environment, for...
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Environmental governance
Environmental Governance is the means by which society determines and acts on...
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Environmental health
Those aspects of human health and disease that are determined by factors in...
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Environmental impact
The change in well-being of ecosystems, resulting from a process set in...
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Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
An analytical process or procedure that systematically examines the possible...
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Environmental justice
A mechanism of accountability for the protection of rights and the prevention...
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Environmental mainstreaming
It is the informed inclusion of relevant environmental concerns into the...
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Environmental management
- Management and control of the environment and natural resources...
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Environmental management plan
Part of a formal project environmental assessment, this plan outlines...
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Environmental management system
Part of the management system used to manage environmental aspects, fulfil...
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Environmental monitoring
Regular, comparable measurements or time series of data on the environment.
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Environmental monitoring programme
A functional tool at the disposal of the authorities and the aquaculture...
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Environmental niche modelling
A tool used in vulnerability assessments to help resource managers understand...
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Environmental performance
Environmental performance relates to action by governments and other actors,...
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Environmental performance indicator
A specific expression that provides information about a organization’s...
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Environmental policy
A policy aimed at addressing environmental problems and challenges.
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Environmental pressure
Pressure resulting from human activities which bring about changes in the...
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Environmental pricing and standard
Economists have frequently proposed the adoption of a system of unit taxes...
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Environmental product declaration
The overall goal of an Environmental Product Declaration, EPD, is to provide...
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Environmental quality
A state of environmental conditions in environmental media, expressed in...
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Environmental quality objective
Documented limits and tolerances on the measured ratios and levels of...
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Environmental quality standards
A value, generally defined by regulation, which specifies the maximum...
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Environmental refugees and internally...
people who have been forced to leave their traditional habitat temporarily or...
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Environmental resistance
All the pressures like predation, competition, weather, and food...
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Environmental risk assessment
An analysis of the likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of consequences...
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Environmental tax
Fiscal policy measures used to steer economic burdens away from economically...
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Environmentally extended input-output model
Traditional input-output (IO) tables summarizing the exchanges between major...
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Environmentally sound technology
Techniques and technologies capable of reducing environmental damage through...
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Ephemeral water body
A water body that dries up periodically.
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Epidemic
The occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific...
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Epidemiology
The branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and...
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Equal employment opportunity
Equality in employment regardless of colour, sex, religion and so forth; non-...
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Equal pay
Equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value.
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Equipped wetlands and inland valley bottoms
Part of cultivated wetlands and inland valley bottoms which have been...
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Equity
Fairness of rights, distribution and access. Depending on context, this can...
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Erodibility
A measure of the soil’s susceptibility to detachment and transport by the...
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Erosion
Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away...
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Erosion risk
Probability rate for an erosion process to start and develop as a result of...
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Erosivity
Potential ability of physical dynamic agents such as water, wind or ice to...
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Essential fish habitat
Habitat identified as essential to the ecological and biological requirements...
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Estuarine
Relating to the part of a river nearest to the sea, where tides ... occur and...
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Estuary
water passage where the tide meets a river current
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Eutrophication
The degradation of water or land quality due to enrichment by nutrients,...
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Eutrophication potential
It translates the quantity of substances emitted into a common measure...
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Evapotranspiration
Combined loss of water by evaporation from the soil or surface water, and...
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Exchange value
Reflects the actual revenue for all quantities of a product that are...
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Excise tax
A tax on the consumption or use of a specific good, service, or activity....
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Existence value
The benefits people obtain from knowing that an ecosystem service exists,...
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Exploratory data analysis
It is an analysis approach that focuses on identifying general patterns in...
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Exposure
The presence of people, livelihoods, species or ecosystems, environmental...
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External cost (also externality)
A cost that is not included in the market price of the goods and services...
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Extinct in the wild
A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in captivity,...
Additional Info
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Source | https://wesr-staging.azurewebsites.net/glossary/ajax/ajax.searchbyindex.php?q=E |
| Author | UNEP GEO |
| Maintainer | UNEP GEO |
| Last Updated | January 26, 2023, 06:26 (UTC) |
| Created | September 13, 2022, 18:20 (UTC) |
| GUID | unep-geo-glossary-letter-e |
| Issued | 2022-08-31 13:19:39 |
| Language | en |
| Modified | 2022-11-09 17:41:18 |
| Publisher name | UNEP GEO |
| Theme | Glossary |
| data_type | webpage |
| spatial | Global |