The coast of Somalia has fringing coral reefs in the Bajuni Archipelago and patches of coral reefs along the Gulf of Aden coastline. The types of corals include Porites, Acropora and Stylophora pistillata. Others include Millepora, soft corals, Rhodactis rhodostoma, Pocillopora damicornis, Galaxea astreata, Goniastrea retiformis, Lobophyllia sp, Tubastrea micranthus and T. Aurea. Coral reefs are widely distributed along the Indian Ocean coastline between Adale and the Somalia-Kenya border. Coral communities are well developed consisting of 27 genera and 63 species. The main threats to coral reefs are the use of destructive fishing practices, over-fishing, global warming, and smothering due to sedimentation and pollution. Somalia has six mangrove species. A large segment of the population of Somalia is involved in artisanal and subsistence fishing either directly or indirectly. Deepwater fisheries are fished by distant fishing fleets from Europe and East Asia. It is estimated that the fisheries sector contributes more than 2% of GDP. However, high exploitation and the use of destructive fishing gear such as dynamite, seine nets, poisons and selective fishing on certain species and juveniles are threatening fisheries in the Somali coastal and marine waters.