Hydropolitical vulnerability and resilience along international waters: North America

The main problem in North America is the location of water resources relative to large population centers where the majority of the freshwater drains away from the bulk of the population. Climate variability and change is a reality. It raises the impact on variability and availability within the continent, which is characterized by its different climatic regions. The hydo-vulnerability of North America is tempered and governed by agreements, laws and institutions such as International Joint Commission (IJC) and International Boundary & Water Commission (IBWC), which have been created to resolve transboundary water issues in a cooperative manner for over a century, resulting in minimal conflicts in the region.