Exposure Monitoring of Lead and Cadmium: An International Pilot Study within the WHO/UNEP Human Exposure Assessment Location (HEAL) Programme Technical Report

This pilot study was one of the first to be developed and implemented as part of the HEAL project The experience gained shows that, although costly and complicated, it is possible to make comparable measurements on an international scale. It was possible to identify a number of problems in the collection and analysis of different types of exposure monitoring samples, as well as to identify the major routes of exposure. Such information is valuable for the design of a full-scale study on a representative sample of the general population.