The application of internationally recognized sustainability standards in Vietnam's aquaculture sector is increasingly necessary, not only to promote economic efficiency and sustainability but also to enhance the green growth potential of aquaculture for national use as well as export purposes. Aware of such trend, the Government of Vietnam has been very supportive to promote sustainability standards in the Aquaculture Sector through various enabling policies and mechanisms. Examples of such are Decision No. 899/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on agricultural restructuring towards increasing added value and sustainable development, followed by the Action plan of fisheries restructuring towards increasing added value. Despite these efforts, the Sector has been struggling to comply with internationally recognized sustainability standards due to numerous challenges, including: (i) limited financial capacity of farmers to invest in the application of standards; (ii) limited Government Budget to support standards application process; (iii) improper Government Planning for Aquaculture production; (iv) miscommunication or lack of communication between the private and public sector; (v) unbalanced market rewards for standard complying products compared with the resources invested by farmers. These factors have contributed to reducing farmers’ willingness to apply standards in their production.