Activities of the agricultural sector can significantly contribute to biodiversity loss, the pollution of water bodies, greenhouse gas emissions, and the alteration of natural nitrogen cycles. Efforts to render agriculture more sustainable are therefore an indispensable component of national efforts to reverse environmental degradation, preserve natural capital, mitigate climate change, as well as ensure for inclusive economic growth and the alleviation of poverty. Eastern Europe and the Caucasus have proven to be ideal regions for the development of sustainable, organic agriculture as a result of historically low levels of pesticide and fertilizer use, availability of agricultural labour, and close proximity to rapidly growing markets in the European Union (EU). As outlined in UNEP’s comprehensive assessment of the region, organic agriculture offers opportunities to revitalise its countryside and restore ecosystem functionality; develop new local businesses and agro-tourism opportunities; create new and better paid jobs (particularly in rural communities); as well as to mitigate and build resilience to climate change. The promotion of organic agriculture thereby holds tremendous potential for leveraging a broader transition to a Green Economy in these regions.