168 datasets found

The term polybrominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls (PBBs) refers to a group of halogenated hydrocarbons, formed by substituting hydrogen by bromine in biphenyl. PBBs are...

This document is a review of occupational and environmental exposure to selected synthetic organic fibres. The particular fibres covered in this document have been selected...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were discovered before the turn of the century and their usefulness for industry, because of their physical properties, was recognized early....

1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon which is manufactured from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride by chlorination. The world production was approximately 680...

Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) is a major by-product (65-70%) in the manufacture of lindane (> 99% gamma-HCH). Its solubility in water is low, but it is very soluble...

Nephrotoxicity can be defined as renal disease or dysfunction that arises as a direct or indirect result of exposure to medicines, and industrial or environmental chemicals. It...

Tributyltin (TBT) compounds are organic derivatives of tetravalent tin. They are characterized by the presence of covalent bonds between carbon atoms and a tin atom and have the...

Ochratoxins are produced by several species of the fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi are ubiquitous and the potential for the contamination of foodstuffs...

This monograph has been prepared on behalf of the Central Unit of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and its aim is to provide an update of the principles...

These Proceedings, Volume 1 include papers prepared by speakers, topic experts, conference participants and other interested parties for the Fifth International Conference on...

This monograph focuses on the risks to human health from compounds of monomethylmercury and examines the data that have become available since the publication of Environmental...

Vinylidene chloride (C2H2Cl2) is a volatile, colourless liquid with a "sweet" odour. It is stabilized with p- methoxyphenol to prevent the formation of explosive peroxides....

d-Phenothrin has been in use since 1977. It is estimated that 70-80 tonnes of d-phenothrin are used annually worldwide, mainly to control noxious insects in the household and...

Fenvalerate is a potent insecticide that has been in use since 1976. It is an ester of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, but lacks...

Permethrin was first synthesized in 1973 and marketed in 1977 as a photostable pyrethroid. Approximately 600 tonnes per year of permethrin is at present used world-wide, mostly...

Chlorophenols (CPs) are organic chemicals formed from phenol (1-hydroxybenzene) by substitution in the phenol ring with one or more atoms of chlorine. Nineteen congeners are...

Aldrin and dieldrin are the common names of insecticides containing 95% HHDN and 85% HEOD, respectively. Throughout this monograph the names aldrin and dieldrin are used,...

Formaldehyde is a flammable, colourless and readily polymerized gas at ambient temperatures. The most common commercially available form is a 30-50% aqueous solution....

Polychlorinated dibenzo—p—dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are two series of tricyclic aromatic compounds with similar chemical and physical properties;...

It is the aim of this document to take the ecotoxicologist's point of view and consider effects on populations of organisms in the environment. The risk to human health of the...