217 datasets found

The term polybrominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls (PBBs) refers to a group of halogenated hydrocarbons, formed by substituting hydrogen by bromine in biphenyl. PBBs are...

This document is a review of occupational and environmental exposure to selected synthetic organic fibres. The particular fibres covered in this document have been selected...

2-Nitropropane (2-NP) is a colourless, oily liquid with a mild odour. It is flammable, only moderately volatile, and stable under ordinary conditions. It is only slightly...

1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon which is manufactured from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride by chlorination. The world production was approximately 680...

Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) is a major by-product (65-70%) in the manufacture of lindane (> 99% gamma-HCH). Its solubility in water is low, but it is very soluble...

Tributyltin (TBT) compounds are organic derivatives of tetravalent tin. They are characterized by the presence of covalent bonds between carbon atoms and a tin atom and have the...

Barium is one of the alkaline earth metals, having a relative atomic mass of 137.34 and an atomic number of 56. It has seven naturally occurring stable isotopes, of which 138Ba...

Ochratoxins are produced by several species of the fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi are ubiquitous and the potential for the contamination of foodstuffs...

This monograph focuses on the risks to human health from compounds of monomethylmercury and examines the data that have become available since the publication of Environmental...

Vinylidene chloride (C2H2Cl2) is a volatile, colourless liquid with a "sweet" odour. It is stabilized with p- methoxyphenol to prevent the formation of explosive peroxides....

Cyhalothrin is formed by esterifying 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, and it consists...

Tetramethrin was first synthesized in 1964 and first marketed in 1965. Chemically, it is an ester of chrysan-themic acid (2,2-imethyl-3-(2,2-dimethylvinyl)-cyclopro-...

d-Phenothrin has been in use since 1977. It is estimated that 70-80 tonnes of d-phenothrin are used annually worldwide, mainly to control noxious insects in the household and...

Fenvalerate is a potent insecticide that has been in use since 1976. It is an ester of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, but lacks...

Permethrin was first synthesized in 1973 and marketed in 1977 as a photostable pyrethroid. Approximately 600 tonnes per year of permethrin is at present used world-wide, mostly...

Chlorophenols (CPs) are organic chemicals formed from phenol (1-hydroxybenzene) by substitution in the phenol ring with one or more atoms of chlorine. Nineteen congeners are...

Aldrin and dieldrin are the common names of insecticides containing 95% HHDN and 85% HEOD, respectively. Throughout this monograph the names aldrin and dieldrin are used,...

Formaldehyde is a flammable, colourless and readily polymerized gas at ambient temperatures. The most common commercially available form is a 30-50% aqueous solution....

Polychlorinated dibenzo—p—dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are two series of tricyclic aromatic compounds with similar chemical and physical properties;...

It is the aim of this document to take the ecotoxicologist's point of view and consider effects on populations of organisms in the environment. The risk to human health of the...